RISK OF CERVICOUTERINO CANCER
HPV Detection in Women
HPV Detection in Men
Identification of viral subtypes of HPV
The tests that only detect the presence of HPV, has no clinical relevance because they can not tell you the risk and therefore you do not know if there is danger or not and as we mentioned, 90% of sexually active people will ever have some type of HPV, the important thing is to know which one.
There are HPV tests that identify high risk and low risk, these test grouped in 2 viral subtypes that indicate if you have a high risk or low risk type but not which in specific, this test has average clinical utility.
In Genolife we perform the specific identification of 33 viral subtypes, this test has a high clinical utility since your doctor will know more precisely what is your specific risk in each patient, in addition if there are any symptoms, co-infections and / or risk factors your doctor You will be able to follow up and personalized treatment.
In Genolife 19 subtypes of High Risk HPV (AR) are identified 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 82 and 14 subtypes HPV of Low Risk (BR) 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40, 42, 44, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 64
Pathogenicity Guide for Human Papilloma Virus
HPV High Risk (HR)
Pathogenicity |
HPV subtypes |
Very high risk |
16, 18, 31 33, 35, 45 and 58
These viral subtypes are related to the following pathologies: Malignant lesions in mucous membranes, Squamous lesions, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma of the cervix, malignant neoplasms of the cervix, squamous cell cancer, adenocarcinoma of the cervix and cervical cancer. |
High Risk |
39, 51, 52, 56, 59, 66 and 68
These viral subtypes are related to the following pathologies: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical carcinoma and malignant mucosal lesions. |
Likely high risk |
26, 53, 67, 69 and 82
These viral subtypes are related to the following pathologies: Lesions of malignant mucous membranes. |
Low Risk HPV (LR)
Pathogenicity |
HPV subtypes |
Low Risk |
6 and 11 These viral subtypes are related to the following pathologies: recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, conjunctival papillomas / carcinomas, condyloma acuminata (genital warts), low-risk cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, verrucous carcinoma, benign mucosal lesions, genital warts in men and women, papillomas in larynx, condylomata acuminata of the cervix and laryngeal papillomas. |
Likely low risk |
13, 32 and 34 These viral subtypes are related to the following pathologies: Lesions of benign mucosa and verrucous carcinoma. |
Very low risk |
40, 42, 44, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62 and 64 These viral subtypes are related to the following pathologies: Low risk lesions in the oral or genital mucosa. |
What is HPV?
Most men and women get the infection soon after the onset of sexual life. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact or skin-to-skin contact. Pregnant women can infect the newborn at birth only if it is natural birth in eyes, nose and / or throat.
There are many types of HPV and many of them do not cause problems. In general, HPV infections usually disappear without any intervention a few months after contracting, and about 90% disappear after 2 years. However, a percentage of infections by some viral subtypes of HPV can persist and develop into cancer.
How HPV infection leads to cancer.
Cervical cancer is the disease directly related to an infection of the viral subtypes of HPV called “high risk”. Infection by some types of HPV can also cause another type of cancer such as anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile and oropharyngeal, which are preventable with the detection of the infection.
Non-oncogenic HPV types (especially 6 and 11) can cause genital warts and respiratory papillomatosis (a disease characterized by the appearance of tumors in the airways that go from the nose and mouth to the lungs). While this disease is rarely fatal, the number of relapse is very high. Genital warts are very frequent and very contagious.
Risk factors for cervical cancer
- The type of HPV and its oncogenic power.
- The immune system. Immunosuppressed people are more likely to have persistent HPV infections and more rapid progression of precancerous lesions.
- Simultaneous infection by other sexually transmitted organisms, such as herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and Chlamydia among the most frequent.
- Hormonal changes. Use of oral contraceptives.
- The consumption of tobacco.
Bibliographical and consultation pages
- Burd, Eileen M. Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer.Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Vol. 16, No. 1 p. 1–17
- De Villiers Ethel-Michele, Fauquet Claude, Broker Thomas R., Bernard Hans-Ulrich, Hausen Haraldzur Classification of papillomaviruses. Minireview. Virology Vol. 324. p17– 27
- Da Silva Barros NK, Costa MC, Alves RR, Villa LL, Derchain SF, Zeferino LC, Dos Santos Carneiro MA, Rabelo-Santos SH. Association of HPV infection and Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity in cases of cervical neoplasia in Midwest Brazil. J Med Virol. 84(7)
- Hans-Ulrich Bernard Phylogeny and Typing of Papillomaviruses.Cap 3.ed. Garcea Robert and DiMaio L. Daniel. Book.The Papillomaviruses. Springer Science.New York USA
- Muñoz, N; Bosch, F. X.; De Sanjosé, S; Herrero, R; Castellsagué, X; Shah, K. V.; Snijders, P. J.; Meijer, C. J.; International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study Group (2003), “Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer”, The New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (6): 518–27, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021641, PMID 12571259
- Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Mitchell, Richard (2007). “Chapter 19 The Female Genital System and Breast”. Robbins Basic Pathology (8 ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
- Palefsky, Joel M.; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ralston, Mary L.; Jay, Naomi (February 1988). “Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men” (PDF). Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Stomatology, and Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- Muñoz N, Castellsagué X, de González AB, Gissmann L; Castellsagué; De González (2006). “Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer”. Vaccine. 24 (3): S1–S10.
leagues of interest
https://www.cdc.gov/std/spanish/vph/stdfact-hpv-s.htm
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html
https://www.cdc.gov/std/spanish/vph/stdfact-hpv-and-men-s.htm